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Field Guides & Research

Research Library

Find field guides, original studies, manuals and practical records for CRB and little fire ants.

Search by title, author or topic, then narrow the collection by species, resource type and document access. Evidence notes distinguish a field result from a laboratory finding or an institutional reference. A listed source is not an endorsement of every method it discusses.

Coconut rhinoceros beetle · Field guide

Coconut rhinoceros beetle: community field guide

Identify life stages and palm damage, inspect breeding material, record observations and find the evidence behind nonchemical management.

Evidence context Community synthesis. Scientific, cultural and local reporting details await internal sign-off.

IdentificationField monitoringPrevention
Attribution & access

Hawaii Invasive Species Council

Access is managed by the publisher.

Review: Draft — internal review required

Little fire ant · Field guide

Little fire ant: community field guide

Recognize suspect ants, survey ground and vegetation, prevent accidental movement and keep a repeatable observation record.

Evidence context Community synthesis. Scientific, cultural and local reporting details await internal sign-off.

IdentificationField monitoringPrevention
Attribution & access

Hawaii Invasive Species Council

Access is managed by the publisher.

Review: Draft — internal review required

Coconut rhinoceros beetle · Manual

Coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros: A manual for management of the pest in Pacific Island countries and territories Second edition

Pacific regional training reference with a chapter index for recognition, surveys, sanitation and biological-control research.

Evidence context Regional technical manual. Original publication also includes chemical-control material; linking it is for research context and does not endorse those methods. Hawaiʻi use and organism approvals require separate review.

IdentificationField monitoringPreventionBiological research
Attribution & access

Sarah Mansfield, Sean Marshall, Trevor Jackson, Sulav Paudel, Laura Villamizar, Mark Ero

Unchanged complete PDF hosted with written permission confirmed by the site owner on 2026-10-25. Copyright remains with SPC and credited contributors.

Copyright Pacific Community (SPC) 2026. Partial reproduction for scientific, educational or research purposes permitted with acknowledgment. Whole-document reproduction requires written permission. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission.

Review: Hosting permission confirmed; internal content/applicability review pending

Coconut rhinoceros beetle · Research paper

Assessment of bio-formulations of indigenous strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium robertsii and Metarhizium majus for management of the rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros L., in field

Field comparison of specified Bacillus and Metarhizium strains, including combinations, against CRB larvae.

Evidence context India field research. Effects depend on the tested strains and formulation; not evidence for an untested product or a Hawaiʻi application recommendation.

Biological research
Attribution & access

C. Manjunatha, V. Velavan, R. Rangeshwaran, M. Mohan, A. Kandan, G. Sivakumar, A. N. Shylesha, M. K. Prasanna Kumar, D. Pramesh, M. Sujithra, H. K. Ranganath, S. N. Sushil

Unmodified open-license original. Authors, publication, DOI and license remain credited; council reading notes are separate from the original paper.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Coconut rhinoceros beetle · Research paper

Confirmation of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus infections in G-haplotype coconut rhinoceros beetles (Oryctes rhinoceros) from Palauan PCR-positive populations

Tests evidence of nudivirus infection in CRB from Palau, including G-haplotype beetles.

Evidence context Molecular, microscopic and laboratory evidence. Infection does not itself establish field protection of Hawaiian palms.

Biological research
Attribution & access

Shunsuke Tanaka, Robert L. Harrison, Hiroshi Arai, Yukie Katayama, Tetsuya Mizutani, Maki N. Inoue, Joel Miles, Sean D. G. Marshall, Christopher Kitalong, Madoka Nakai

Unmodified open-license original. Authors, publication, DOI and license remain credited; council reading notes are separate from the original paper.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Coconut rhinoceros beetle · Research paper

Biocontrol potential of native entomopathogenic nematodes against coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) under laboratory conditions

Laboratory evaluation of three insect-parasitic nematodes against young CRB larvae.

Evidence context Laboratory study in India. Field efficacy and Hawaiʻi permission are separate questions.

Biological research
Attribution & access

M. Sujithra, M. Rajkumar, Priyank Hanuman Mhatre, Govindharaj Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi

Unmodified open-license original. Authors, publication, DOI and license remain credited; council reading notes are separate from the original paper.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Coconut rhinoceros beetle · Research paper

Coconut rhinoceros beetle in Solomon Islands: a tale of two invasions

Survey and genetic evidence traces two CRB invasion histories across Solomon Islands.

Evidence context Observations from the study period. Distribution maps are historical and do not describe current Hawaiʻi conditions.

Pacific history
Attribution & access

Sean D. G. Marshall, Sulav Paudel, Sarah Mansfield, Nicola K. Richards, Francis Tsatsia, Crispus Fanai, Gideon Suda, Trevor A. Jackson

Unmodified open-license original. Authors, publication, DOI and license remain credited; council reading notes are separate from the original paper.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Coconut rhinoceros beetle · Research paper

Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle in Samoa: Review of a Century-Old Invasion and Prospects for Control in a Changing Future

A review of Samoa’s CRB history, sanitation work and biological-control experience.

Evidence context Regional review. Samoa provides useful comparison, not a prediction of Hawaiian outcomes.

Pacific history
Attribution & access

Sulav Paudel, Sean D. G. Marshall, Nicola K. Richards, George Hazelman, Pueata Tanielu, Trevor A. Jackson

Open the original publication for full methods and results.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Coconut rhinoceros beetle · Research paper

Oviposition Preferences and Behavior of Wild-Caught and Laboratory-Reared Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Relation to Substrate Particle Size

Choice experiments examine how mulch particle size affects CRB egg laying.

Evidence context Controlled study. A preference for fine material does not mean coarse mulch is beetle-free.

Breeding habitat
Attribution & access

Megan Manley, Michael J. Melzer, Helen Spafford

Open the original publication for full methods and results.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Little fire ant · Research paper

Control of pest ants by pathogenic fungi: state of the art

A review of fungal pathogens studied for managing pest ants across several species.

Evidence context Most included studies were laboratory work. Combined findings are not an LFA-specific treatment-success rate.

Biological research
Attribution & access

Patricia J. Folgarait and Daniela Goffré

Unmodified open-license original. Authors, publication, DOI and license remain credited; council reading notes are separate from the original paper.

CC BY 4.0

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Little fire ant · Research paper

Morphophysiological Differences between the Metapleural Glands of Fungus-Growing and Non–Fungus-Growing Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Compares glands associated with antimicrobial defenses in eight ant species, including LFA.

Evidence context Comparative anatomy, not a test of a fungal product against LFA colonies.

Biological researchIdentification
Attribution & access

Alexsandro Santana Vieira, Odair Correa Bueno and Maria Izabel Camargo-Mathias

Unmodified open-license original. Authors, publication, DOI and license remain credited; council reading notes are separate from the original paper.

Creative Commons Attribution

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Little fire ant · Research paper

Bait Insecticides and Hot Water Drenches Against the Little Fire Ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Infesting Containerized Nursery Plants

Study of controlled hot-water drenches in LFA-infested potted nursery plants.

Evidence context Plant species and heat penetration affected outcomes. The original also studies insecticides; this reading entry covers the physical-treatment evidence only, not a home boiling-water recipe.

Physical managementNursery plants
Attribution & access

Arnold H. Hara, Susan K. Cabral, Ruth Y. Niino-DuPonte, Christopher M. Jacobsen and Kyle Onuma

Full text stays with the publisher or source institution unless an open license is recorded here.

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Little fire ant · Research paper

Increases in crop pests caused by Wasmannia auropunctata in Solomon Islands subsistence gardens

Examines LFA, crop pests and predators in Solomon Islands gardens.

Evidence context Field observations and experiments in a different island setting; not a measurement of losses at any specific Hawaiian farm.

Ecological impacts
Attribution & access

J. Fasi, G. Brodie and C. Vanderwoude

Full text stays with the publisher or source institution unless an open license is recorded here.

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Little fire ant · Research paper

The History of Little Fire Ant Wasmannia auropunctata Roger in the Hawaiian Islands: Spread, Control, and Local Eradication

Documents the arrival, spread and historical response to little fire ants in Hawaiʻi.

Evidence context Historical account, including mixed management methods. Use for pathways and institutional history, not current infestation maps or chemical recommendations.

Pacific historyPrevention
Attribution & access

Casper Vanderwoude, Michelle Montgomery, Heather Forester, Ersel Hensley and Michael K. Adachi

Full text stays with the publisher or source institution unless an open license is recorded here.

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Little fire ant · Research paper

Wasmannia is Allomerus: taxonomy confounded by a shift to being a plant ant

Molecular-systematics research places Wasmannia within Allomerus.

Evidence context Published 25 August 2026. Search both Allomerus auropunctatus and the former name Wasmannia auropunctata; a name change is not specimen identification.

Identification
Attribution & access

John T. Longino and Michael G. Branstetter

Full text stays with the publisher or source institution unless an open license is recorded here.

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Little fire ant · Research paper

Initial behavior in colony fragments of an introduced population of the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata

Observes how disturbed colony fragments regroup and relocate brood.

Evidence context Short laboratory observations on ants from Cameroon. The paper does not test a property-management programme.

PreventionColony biology
Attribution & access

Paul Serge Mbenoun Masse, Martin Kenne, Ruth Mony, Alain Dejean and Maurice Tindo

Full text stays with the publisher or source institution unless an open license is recorded here.

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Little fire ant · Research paper

The Little Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): A Global Perspective

Review of LFA biology, spread, detection and effects across its invaded range.

Evidence context Broad background. Read individual experiments for local applicability; the original covers management approaches beyond this website’s nonchemical guidance.

Colony biologyEcological impacts
Attribution & access

M. P. Montgomery, C. Vanderwoude, M. Lintermans and A. J. Jasmyn Lynch

Full text stays with the publisher or source institution unless an open license is recorded here.

Review: Source checked; internal review pending

Little fire ant · Reference

How to Survey for Little Fire Ants

One-page sampling instructions for ground and vegetation, with collection and lab-identification guidance.

Evidence context Detection method from a local specialist source. Food lure is for sampling; finding no ants once does not establish absence.

Field monitoringSampling
Attribution & access

Hawaiʻi Ant Lab

Original agency material is linked for the stated purpose; its surrounding site may include policies or treatment recommendations that this council does not adopt.

Review: External source checked; local adaptation needs review

Little fire ant · Reference

Little Fire Ant Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger)

Species profile with worker and queen descriptions, biology and specimen photographs.

Evidence context Extension reference. Its older scientific name is retained in the publication title; use contemporary taxonomy alongside it.

IdentificationColony biology
Attribution & access

Virginia Rose Seagal, Andrea Lucky

Original agency material is linked for the stated purpose; its surrounding site may include policies or treatment recommendations that this council does not adopt.

Review: External source checked; local adaptation needs review

Coconut rhinoceros beetle · Reference

Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle Look-Alikes

Comparison of CRB with oriental flower beetles and other large beetles reported in Hawaiʻi.

Evidence context Identification reference, updated July 2025. Small grubs can be difficult to distinguish; confirm uncertain specimens.

Identification
Attribution & access

Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle Response

Original agency material is linked for the stated purpose; its surrounding site may include policies or treatment recommendations that this council does not adopt.

Review: External source checked; local adaptation needs review

Coconut rhinoceros beetle · Reference

Report suspected CRB observations to our community team

On-site reporting form for beetles, larvae, palm damage and other suspected invasive species, with location details and optional photographs.

Evidence context Community observation intake. A submission is not a confirmed identification, a government report or a scheduled treatment.

ReportingField monitoring
Attribution & access

Hawaii Invasive Species Council

Submit on this website. Netlify Forms stores the team’s report log; optional permission covers generalized public maps and summaries.

Review: Community reporting workflow; team review required

Coconut rhinoceros beetle · Reference

Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle

Federal background on recognition, damage signs and preventing pest movement.

Evidence context Agency reference last modified July 2025. Background information; not the receiving service for this website’s community reports.

IdentificationPrevention
Attribution & access

USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Original agency material is linked for the stated purpose; its surrounding site may include policies or treatment recommendations that this council does not adopt.

Review: External source checked; local adaptation needs review

Coconut rhinoceros beetle · Field guide

Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle Field Guide — downloadable edition

Printable community guide with field steps, evidence limits and source references. Internal review edition.

Evidence context Community synthesis; not a peer-reviewed efficacy trial.

Field monitoringPrevention
Attribution & access

Hawaii Invasive Species Council

Printable edition dated 2026-10-26.

Review: Internal review pending

Little fire ant · Field guide

Little Fire Ant Field Guide — downloadable edition

Printable community guide with field steps, evidence limits and source references. Internal review edition.

Evidence context Community synthesis; not a peer-reviewed efficacy trial.

Field monitoringPrevention
Attribution & access

Hawaii Invasive Species Council

Printable edition dated 2026-10-26.

Review: Internal review pending

Coconut rhinoceros beetle · Field worksheet

CRB field observation log

Blank CSV template for repeat visits. Keep sensitive locations in your own records.

Evidence context Recording template; not a validated treatment protocol.

Field monitoringField records
Attribution & access

Access is managed by the publisher.

Review: Internal review pending

Little fire ant · Field worksheet

LFA survey record

Blank CSV template for repeat visits. Keep sensitive locations in your own records.

Evidence context Recording template; not a validated treatment protocol.

Field monitoringField records
Attribution & access

Access is managed by the publisher.

Review: Internal review pending

Use the original document

Read the methods, comparison and limitations before using a conclusion. Download buttons identify locally available files; publisher links lead to externally managed documents. Some original sources include chemical methods outside this website’s recommendations.

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